If you earn over $200,000, you can expect an extra tax of .9% of your wages, known as the additional Medicare tax. Your federal income tax withholdings are based on your income and filing status ...Paycheck Calculator. This free, easy to use payroll calculator will calculate your take home pay. Supports hourly & salary income and multiple pay frequencies. Calculates Federal, FICA, Medicare and withholding taxes for all 50 states. Check out our new page Tax Change to find out how federal or state tax changes affect your take home pay.It is calculated by dividing the total tax paid by your total taxable income. In contrast, the Marginal Tax Rate refers to the rate of tax applied to your next unit of income. It indicates the tax percentage you would pay on an additional amount of income, reflecting the progressive nature of tax systems like Florida's. Fill out our contact form or call. (877) 729-2661 to speak with Netchex sales and discover how robust our reporting is, providing invaluable insights to your business. Request a Quote. By using Netchex’s Florida paycheck calculator, discover in just a few steps what your anticipated paycheck will look like. This Florida bonus tax calculator uses supplemental tax rates to calculate withholding on special wage payments such as bonuses. The Florida bonus tax percent calculator will tell you what your take-home pay will be for your bonus based on the supplemental percentage rate method of withholding. The bonus tax calculator is state-by-state ...Roll's Salary Paycheck Calculator can provide financial clarity and pay transparency for employees, too! Unravel paycheck deductions, taxes, and withholdings to get a clear picture of what actual earnings you will receive. Confidently budget for expenses, savings, and debt repayment to take control of your financial future.Summary. If you make $68,000 a year living in the region of Florida, USA, you will be taxed $12,930. That means that your net pay will be $55,070 per year, or $4,589 per month. Your average tax rate is 19.0% and your marginal tax rate is 29.7%. This marginal tax rate means that your immediate additional income will be taxed at this rate.Use Gusto’s salary paycheck calculator to determine withholdings and calculate take-home pay for your salaried employees in Florida. We’ll do the math for you—all you need to do is enter the applicable information on salary, federal and state W-4s, deductions, and benefits. Hourly employee?Managing personal finances can be a daunting task, especially when it comes to calculating your paycheck. With the rise of technology, online paycheck calculators have become incre...If you earn over $200,000, you can expect an extra tax of .9% of your wages, known as the additional Medicare tax. Your federal income tax withholdings are based on your income and filing status ...Use ADP’s Delaware Paycheck Calculator to estimate net or “take home” pay for either hourly or salaried employees. Just enter the wages, tax withholdings and other information required below and our tool will take care of the rest. Important note on the salary paycheck calculator: The calculator on this page is provided through the ADP ...And in the case of a bonus amount of more than 1 million, 37% is deducted from the remaining amount. For example, if you receive a 2 million bonus, then 22% is taxed on the first million, which is 1000000 * 0.22 = 220000, and 37% is taxed on the rest of the bonus amount, which is (2000000 - 1000000) * 0.37 = 370000.Calculate your take-home pay after federal and Florida taxes for any job type, salary or hourly wage, and pay frequency. See the breakdown of income taxes, …Use Gusto’s hourly paycheck calculator to determine withholdings and calculate take-home pay for your hourly employees in Florida. Simply enter their federal and state W …Unlimited companies, employees, and payroll runs for 1 low price. All 50 states including local taxes, and multi-state calculations. Federal forms W-2, 940 and 941. Use PaycheckCity’s free paycheck calculators, withholding calculators, and tax calculators for all your paycheck and payroll needs.2014. $55,173. 2013. $55,156. 2012. $51,904. Pennsylvania levies a flat state income tax rate of 3.07%. Therefore, your income level and filing status will not affect the income tax rate you pay at the state level. Pennsylvania is one of just eight states that has a flat income tax rate, and of those states, it has the lowest rate.The Florida paycheck calculator can help you figure out how much you'll make this year. It takes the federal, state, and local W4 data, and converts it into a monthly, weekly, or hourly wage. It can also email the calculation to you. You may want to save it and use it in the future to figure out how much you will earn.For example, let’s look at a salaried employee who is paid $52,000 per year: If this employee’s pay frequency is weekly the calculation is: $52,000 / 52 payrolls = $1,000 gross pay. If this employee’s pay frequency is semi-monthly the calculation is: $52,000 / 24 payrolls = $2,166.67 gross pay.Calculate your Florida net pay or take home pay by entering your salary and W4 information into this free online tool. Learn about Florida taxes, pay frequency, benefits, deductions, …The Florida paycheck calculator can help you figure out how much you'll make this year. It takes the federal, state, and local W4 data, and converts it into a monthly, weekly, or hourly wage. It can also email the calculation to you. You may want to save it and use it in the future to figure out how much you will earn. Hourly Paycheck Calculator. Use this calculator to help you determine your paycheck for hourly wages. First, enter your current payroll information and deductions. Then enter the hours you expect ... It is calculated by dividing the total tax paid by your total taxable income. In contrast, the Marginal Tax Rate refers to the rate of tax applied to your next unit of income. It indicates the tax percentage you would pay on an additional amount of income, reflecting the progressive nature of tax systems like Florida's. If you make $60,000 a year living in the region of Florida, USA, you will be taxed $10,558. That means that your net pay will be $49,442 per year, or $4,120 per month. Your average tax rate is 17.6% and your marginal tax rate is 29.7%. This marginal tax rate means that your immediate additional income will be taxed at this rate. Use this calculator to estimate the actual paycheck amount that is brought home after taxes and deductions from salary. It can also be used to help fill steps 3 and 4 of a W-4 form. This calculator is intended for use by U.S. residents. The calculation is based on the 2024 tax brackets and the new W-4, which, in 2020, has had its first major ...Use this calculator to estimate the actual paycheck amount that is brought home after taxes and deductions from salary. It can also be used to help fill steps 3 and 4 of a W-4 …Income in America is taxed by the federal government, most state governments and many local governments. The federal income tax system is progressive, so the rate of taxation increases as income increases. Marginal tax rates range from 10% to 37%. Enter your financial details to calculate your taxes. Household Income.37%. $578,126 or more. $693,751 or more. $346,876 or more. $578,101 or more. Use our United States Salary Tax calculator to determine how much tax will be paid on your annual Salary. Federal tax, state tax, Medicare, as well as Social Security tax allowances, are all taken into account and are kept up to date with 2023/24 rates.Use this calculator to estimate the actual paycheck amount that is brought home after taxes and deductions from salary. It can also be used to help fill steps 3 and 4 of a W-4 form. This calculator is intended for use by U.S. residents. The calculation is based on the 2024 tax brackets and the new W-4, which, in 2020, has had its first major ... The Income Tax Calculator estimates the refund or potential owed amount on a federal tax return. It is mainly intended for residents of the U.S. and is based on the tax brackets of 2023 and 2024. The 2024 tax values can be used for 1040-ES estimation, planning ahead, or comparison. File Status. Calculate your monthly take home pay in 2024 (that’s your 2024 monthly salary after tax), with the Monthly Florida Salary Calculator. A quick and efficient way to compare monthly salaries in Florida in 2024, review income tax deductions for monthly income in Florida and estimate your 2024 tax returns for your Monthly Salary in Florida. The ...Florida Income Tax Calculator 2023-2024. Learn More. On TurboTax's Website. If you make $70,000 a year living in Florida you will be taxed $7,660. Your average tax rate is 10.94% and your marginal ...Summary. If you make $95,000 a year living in the region of Florida, USA, you will be taxed $20,936. That means that your net pay will be $74,065 per year, or $6,172 per month. Your average tax rate is 22.0% and your marginal tax rate is 29.7%. This marginal tax rate means that your immediate additional income will be taxed at this rate.Naples, Florida is a popular destination for people looking to enjoy the sunshine and coastal lifestyle. Whether you’re moving to Naples for work or pleasure, you’ll need to know w... In the Sunshine State of Florida, salaries can vary quite a bit. However, on average, individuals earn around $48,669 per year, which translates to about $23.40 per hour, $935 per week, or $4,055 per month. Some sources suggest a slightly higher average salary of $55,857 annually or $26.85 hourly. If you need an affordable loan to cover unexpected expenses or pay off high-interest debt, you should consider a home equity loan. A home equity loan is a financial product that le...Use this calculator to estimate the actual paycheck amount that is brought home after taxes and deductions from salary. It can also be used to help fill steps 3 and 4 of a W-4 … How do I calculate hourly rate? First, determine the total number of hours worked by multiplying the hours per week by the number of weeks in a year (52). Next, divide this number from the annual salary. For example, if an employee has a salary of $50,000 and works 40 hours per week, the hourly rate is $50,000/2,080 (40 x 52) = $24.04. Use this calculator to estimate the actual paycheck amount that is brought home after taxes and deductions from salary. It can also be used to help fill steps 3 and 4 of a W-4 …If you make $110,000 a year living in the region of Florida, USA, you will be taxed $25,543. That means that your net pay will be $84,458 per year, or $7,038 per month. Your average tax rate is 23.2% and your marginal tax rate is 31.7%. This marginal tax rate means that your immediate additional income will be taxed at this rate.Calculate your total tax costs in Florida for the tax year 2023/24 with this online tool. Enter your gross salary, filing status, deductions and see the breakdown of federal, state and …Free paycheck calculator for both hourly and salary employees ... This free, easy to use payroll calculator will calculate your take home pay. ... Florida, Georgia ... Fill out our contact form or call. (877) 729-2661 to speak with Netchex sales and discover how robust our reporting is, providing invaluable insights to your business. Request a Quote. By using Netchex’s Florida paycheck calculator, discover in just a few steps what your anticipated paycheck will look like. In recent years, the use of electronic tolling systems has become increasingly popular across the United States. One such system that has gained traction is the Pay by Plate system...Your total yearly take-home salary = gross salary – total deductions = ₹9.50 lakhs - ₹48,700 = ₹9,01,300. Now, your monthly take-home salary = annual salary/12 = ₹9,01,300/12 = ₹75,108. To do away with the tedious calculations, most people prefer the take-home salary calculator in India. If you use the tool, it will determine the ...Use SmartAsset's Tax Return Calculator to see how your income, withholdings, deductions and credits impact your tax refund or balance due amount. This calculator is updated with rates, brackets and other information for your 2023 taxes, which you'll file in 2024. Details. Federal Withholding. Your Tax Return Breakdown. Total Income. Adjustments.Summary. If you make $55,000 a year living in the region of Florida, USA, you will be taxed $9,076. That means that your net pay will be $45,925 per year, or $3,827 per month. Your average tax rate is 16.5% and your marginal tax rate is 29.7%. This marginal tax rate means that your immediate additional income will be taxed at this rate.Income tax calculator. Check your estimated tax burden. Calculate your take home pay after various taxes. For United States residents. Constantly updated to keep up with the tax year.The Florida paycheck calculator can help you figure out how much you'll make this year. It takes the federal, state, and local W4 data, and converts it into a monthly, weekly, or hourly wage. It can also email the calculation to you. You may want to save it and use it in the future to figure out how much you will earn.Calculator.net's sole focus is to provide fast, comprehensive, convenient, free online calculators in a plethora of areas. Currently, we have around 200 calculators to help you "do the math" quickly in areas such as finance, fitness, health, math, and others, and we are still developing more.The Florida paycheck calculator is a great tool to help you calculate your take-home pay. With this calculator, you can make sure you receive the full amount of money you’re entitled to. This is especially important if you have to make deductions for health benefits or contributions to your 401(k) plan.Calculate your monthly take home pay in 2024 (that’s your 2024 monthly salary after tax), with the Monthly Florida Salary Calculator. A quick and efficient way to compare monthly salaries in Florida in 2024, review income tax deductions for monthly income in Florida and estimate your 2024 tax returns for your Monthly Salary in Florida. The ...The Florida paycheck calculator can help you figure out how much you'll make this year. It takes the federal, state, and local W4 data, and converts it into a monthly, weekly, or hourly wage. It can also email the calculation to you. You may want to save it and use it in the future to figure out how much you will earn.While increasing your retirement account savings does lower your take home pay, it also lowers your Federal income tax withholding. The impact on your paycheck ...The Florida paycheck calculator can help you figure out how much you'll make this year. It takes the federal, state, and local W4 data, and converts it into a monthly, weekly, or hourly wage. It can also email the calculation to you. You may want to save it and use it in the future to figure out how much you will earn.2014. $49,644. 2013. $50,748. 2012. $44,375. When you look at your Ohio paycheck, you’ll see the federal withholding as described above, plus any additional withholdings that you may have set up, such as for your 401 (k) contributions or health insurance premiums. But you’ll also see a withholding for state taxes.The Florida mortgage interest rate on May 10, 2024 is down 19 basis points from last week's average Florida rate of 6.96%. Additionally, the current average 15 …If you live in California and earn a gross annual salary of $69,368, or $5,781 per month, your monthly take-home pay will be $4,537. This results in an effective tax rate of 22%, as estimated by our US salary calculator.To use this Florida paycheck calculator, first select your employer’s location and provide your employment details such as marital status, dependents, and pay frequency.. Then, input your salary or hourly rate, overtime hours (if applicable), and any deductions. Click “Calculate” to see your estimated take-home pay, including taxes as of 2024.Florida Property Tax. If you’re thinking about buying a beach house somewhere along Florida’s 8,436 miles of ocean shoreline, you’ll want to take property taxes into account. Florida’s average effective property tax rate is 0.86%, which is well below the national average. Floridians pay $2,143 on a median home property value of $248,700.How are bonuses taxed? Just like regular wages, taxes must be taken out of a bonus because Uncle Sam considers them income. The way in which you calculate tax ...Take-Home-Pay Calculator ... Use this calculator to estimate the actual paycheck amount that is brought home after taxes and deductions from salary. It can also ...The settlement or closing fee is paid typically by the buyer to the Florida closing attorney for his or her services on closing day. The flat fee ranges from $300 to $600 in lower cost counties to $600-$900 in higher cost counties. This cost is offset by buyers and sellers not being required to hire their own, separate attorneys in Florida.Use this tool to calculate your take-home pay in Florida for various salary frequencies and deductions. Learn how to budget, save, and plan for the unexpected with your net …Florida Tax Facts. Florida State charges no income tax on to its residents. No City in Florida charges any Local Income tax of Paychecks. Minimum Wage according to State for Employees is $11 (as in 2024) Minimum Cash Wage for Tipped Employees is $5.25, with a Maximum Tip Credit of $3.02. The state requires the employers to pay State ...Use this tool to: Estimate your federal income tax withholding. See how your refund, take-home pay or tax due are affected by withholding amount. Choose an estimated withholding amount that works for you. Results are as accurate as the information you enter.Calculate your net pay after taxes and deductions for any pay period in Florida. Enter your gross pay, filing status, withholdings, and other information to see your estimated take …Calculator.net's sole focus is to provide fast, comprehensive, convenient, free online calculators in a plethora of areas. Currently, we have around 200 calculators to help you "do the math" quickly in areas such as finance, fitness, health, math, and others, and we are still developing more.Our calculator allows you to quickly and easily determine your net pay and tax deductions based on your salary and payment frequency. Whether you're a full-time employee, a freelancer, or self-employed, our Paycheck Calculator is an essential tool for managing your finances. Try it today and take control of your paycheck.This should be the total salary per payment period as selected at step 2. Press calculate. The Florida Payroll Calculator will then produce your payroll cost calculation. Understanding and getting familiar with payroll deductions and payroll costs in Florida in 2024 can be a real drain on your time and business resources.Use this tool to: Estimate your federal income tax withholding. See how your refund, take-home pay or tax due are affected by withholding amount. Choose an estimated withholding amount that works for you. Results are …Hour. 10.61% Total Tax 89.39% Net pay. Salary $62,000.00. Federal Income Tax - $5,680.50. State Income Tax - $0.00. Social Security Tax - $0.00. Medicare - $899.00. Take Home $55,420.50. Disclaimer: Please note that this paycheck calculator is designed to provide an estimate and should not be considered as professional tax advice.The settlement or closing fee is paid typically by the buyer to the Florida closing attorney for his or her services on closing day. The flat fee ranges from $300 to $600 in lower cost counties to $600-$900 in higher cost counties. This cost is offset by buyers and sellers not being required to hire their own, separate attorneys in Florida.Estimate how much you and your family will need to contribute for one year at Harvard with our simple Net Price Calculator. ... or higher than, what you would pay to attend Harvard. (For example, if you select “2 in college” and the calculator estimates a Net Price of $15,000 for you, it is assuming that the second child’s cost to the ...Florida Income Tax Calculator 2023-2024. Learn More. On TurboTax's Website. If you make $70,000 a year living in Florida you will be taxed $7,660. Your average tax rate is 10.94% and your marginal ...Summary. If you make $68,000 a year living in the region of Florida, USA, you will be taxed $12,930. That means that your net pay will be $55,070 per year, or $4,589 per month. Your average tax rate is 19.0% and your marginal tax rate is 29.7%. This marginal tax rate means that your immediate additional income will be taxed at this rate. How do I calculate hourly rate? First, determine the total number of hours worked by multiplying the hours per week by the number of weeks in a year (52). Next, divide this number from the annual salary. For example, if an employee has a salary of $50,000 and works 40 hours per week, the hourly rate is $50,000/2,080 (40 x 52) = $24.04. If you make $80,000 a year living in the region of Florida, USA, you will be taxed $16,488. That means that your net pay will be $63,512 per year, or $5,293 per month. Your average tax rate is 20.6% and your marginal tax rate is 29.7%. This marginal tax rate means that your immediate additional income will be taxed at this rate. Bankrate.com provides a FREE gross to net paycheck calculator and other pay check calculators to help consumers determine a target take home amount. Use Gusto’s hourly paycheck calculator to determine withholdings and calculate take-home pay for your hourly employees in Florida. Simply enter their federal and state W …2013. $47,320. If your filing status is single, married filing separately or head of household, you will get taxed 2% on your first $500 of taxable income, 4% on earnings up to $3,000 and 5% on income over that amount. If you’re married and filing jointly, that 2% of taxable income goes up to the first $1,000, 4% on up to $6,000 and 5% over ... Annual salary includes applicable employee pay additives (i.e., competitive area differential, trainer, hazardous duty, temporary special duty, legislative approved, critical market pay, and leadworker), but does not include overtime or other incentive payments. An hourly rate of pay is provided for Other Personal Services (OPS) employees since ... The paycheck tax calculator is a free online tool that helps you to calculate your net pay based on your gross pay, marital status, state and federal tax, and pay frequency. After using these inputs, you can estimate your take-home pay after taxes. The inputs you need to provide to use a paycheck tax calculator.Sep 28, 2023 · Paying Payroll Taxes. Using a Payroll Tax Service. Use Florida Paycheck Calculator to estimate net or “take home” pay for salaried employees. Simply input salary details, benefits and deductions, and any other necessary information as prompted below, and let our tool handle the rest. Taxes. Knowing your salary after tax or take home pay can give you a clearer picture of your actual earnings, helping you plan your expenses, savings, and investments better. Our paycheck calculator is designed to provide accurate breakdowns, giving you insights into how much of your earnings go to federal, state, and FICA taxes.SmartAsset's hourly and salary paycheck calculator shows your income after federal, state and local taxes. Enter your info to see your take home pay.If you make $120,000 a year living in the region of Florida, USA, you will be taxed $28,708. That means that your net pay will be $91,293 per year, or $7,608 per month. Your average tax rate is 23.9% and your marginal tax rate is 31.7%. This marginal tax rate means that your immediate additional income will be taxed at this rate.Use ADP’s Georgia Paycheck Calculator to estimate net or “take home” pay for either hourly or salaried employees. Just enter the wages, tax withholdings and other information required below and our tool will take care of the rest. Important note on the salary paycheck calculator: The calculator on this page is provided through the ADP ...Calculate your annual take home pay in 2024 (that’s your 2024 annual salary after tax), with the Annual Florida Salary Calculator. A quick and efficient way to compare annual salaries in Florida in 2024, review income tax deductions for annual income in Florida and estimate your 2024 tax returns for your Annual Salary in Florida. The Annual ...Your total yearly take-home salary = gross salary – total deductions = ₹9.50 lakhs - ₹48,700 = ₹9,01,300. Now, your monthly take-home salary = annual salary/12 = ₹9,01,300/12 = ₹75,108. To do away with the tedious calculations, most people prefer the take-home salary calculator in India. If you use the tool, it will determine the ...Unlimited companies, employees, and payroll runs for 1 low price. All 50 states including local taxes, and multi-state calculations. Federal forms W-2, 940 and 941. Use PaycheckCity’s free paycheck calculators, withholding calculators, and tax calculators for all your paycheck and payroll needs. The Income Tax Calculator estimates the refund or potential owed amount on a federal tax return. It is mainly intended for residents of the U.S. and is based on the tax brackets of 2023 and 2024. The 2024 tax values can be used for 1040-ES estimation, planning ahead, or comparison. File Status. The resulting amount is the net pay, or take-home pay, that the employee will receive. Examples of Using a Florida Paycheck Calculator. Let's say an employee in Florida earns $20 per hour and works 40 hours in a week. Using a paycheck calculator, we can determine the employee's net pay for the week: Gross Pay: $20 x 40 hours = $800
It is calculated by dividing the total tax paid by your total taxable income. In contrast, the Marginal Tax Rate refers to the rate of tax applied to your next unit of income. It indicates the tax percentage you would pay on an additional amount of income, reflecting the progressive nature of tax systems like Florida's.. Good night oscar lottery
Use SmartAsset's paycheck calculator to calculate your take home pay per paycheck for both salary and hourly jobs after taking into account federal, state, and local taxes. Overview of Maine Taxes Maine has a progressive income tax system that features rates that range from 5.80% to 7.15%.After entering it into the calculator, it will perform the following calculations. - Federal Tax. Filing $120,000.00 of earnings will result in $18,338.50 of that amount being taxed as federal tax. - FICA (Social Security and Medicare). Filing $120,000.00 of earnings will result in $9,180.00 being taxed for FICA purposes. - Florida State Tax.Jul 4, 2021 ... While you may have more taken as a deduction on larger then normal paychecks, OT is still taxes like normal income at the end of the year when ...Use SmartAsset's paycheck calculator to calculate your take home pay per paycheck for both salary and hourly jobs after taking into account federal, state, and local taxes. Overview of New York Taxes New York state has a progressive income tax system with rates ranging from 4% to 10.9% depending on a taxpayer's income level and filing status.Calculate your annual, monthly, weekly or hourly income tax and take home pay in Florida for 2024. Enter your salary, select your filing status, deductions, credits and tax rates to …Paycheck Calculator Florida - FL 2024 : Hourly & Salary. (Tax Year 2024: Last Updated on May 10, 2024) To calculate your net or take-home pay in Florida, …This Florida Child Support Calculator is based on the 2024 federal tax code and the Florida Child Support Guidelines. At the end of the Florida Child Support Calculator, there is a way to receive the results via email. Please fee free to use this feature. I will not do any of the following: (1) sell or give away your name or email address, (2 ...Calculator.net's sole focus is to provide fast, comprehensive, convenient, free online calculators in a plethora of areas. Currently, we have around 200 calculators to help you "do the math" quickly in areas such as finance, fitness, health, math, and others, and we are still developing more.And in the case of a bonus amount of more than 1 million, 37% is deducted from the remaining amount. For example, if you receive a 2 million bonus, then 22% is taxed on the first million, which is 1000000 * 0.22 = 220000, and 37% is taxed on the rest of the bonus amount, which is (2000000 - 1000000) * 0.37 = 370000.Pay Check Calculator requires the details of the latest tax rates imposed by the government to calculate the correct taxes. The sheet has three main sections, first one is used to show the Gross Pay, second one for calculating your pay check and a third one is a graphical representations of the pay check. This template makes use of Federal Tax ... Calculate your Florida net or take home pay by entering your salary, federal, state, and local taxes, and W4 information. Learn about Florida payroll, local taxes, withholding, deductions, and more. Fill out our contact form or call. (877) 729-2661 to speak with Netchex sales and discover how robust our reporting is, providing invaluable insights to your business. Request a Quote. By using Netchex’s Florida paycheck calculator, discover in just a few steps what your anticipated paycheck will look like. Annual salary includes applicable employee pay additives (i.e., competitive area differential, trainer, hazardous duty, temporary special duty, legislative approved, critical market pay, and leadworker), but does not include overtime or other incentive payments. An hourly rate of pay is provided for Other Personal Services (OPS) employees since ... 2015. $64,514. 2014. $71,223. 2013. $64,235. Residents of the Aloha State face 12 total tax brackets and rates that are based on their income level. Single filers and married people filing separately pay rates ranging from 1.40% on their first $2,400 of taxable income up to 11.00% on income over $200,000.Calculate your annual, monthly, weekly or hourly income tax and take home pay in Florida for 2024. Enter your salary, select your filing status, deductions, credits and tax rates to …May 7, 2024 ... Calculate your take-home pay after federal, state & local taxes. On a $70,000 salary, you owe $7,660 in federal income tax. 00 for social ....