Diy insulation

DIY under hood insulation is a fairly easy process. However, what is complicated is choosing the right materials for your needs, as this will depend on whether you want to prioritize thermal or acoustic insulation. Also consider the fact that if you want optimum acoustic insulation inside your car’s cabin, you should insulate this too.Welcome to my workshop! The first DIY project on the list is insulation. I’m going to be doing spray foam insulation on the ceiling and batt insulation on th...Weatherizing Doors And Windows: Overview. 1-10 of 10. Installing garage door insulation helps you retain heat during the winter and keep the house cool in the summer which will lower your energy costs. The simple DIY project should take you about an hour to complete.On the other walls in the garage, install the insulation the regular way, with the paper side facing you. Make sure to staple the paper on the edge of the stud, rather than inside it, so the insulation will completely fill the space. Insulate the … Family Handyman. Starting at the top left of the window, carefully peel off about six inches of the backing from the adhesive tape. Let an inch of film hang over the left side of the double-sided tape. Then begin sticking the film across the top of the window. Stick the film onto the tape, working from one side of the window to the other. 1. Spray Foam Insulation. Spray foam insulation is a polyurethane foam that is commonly applied to attics and walls and is available in three types: high-, medium-, and low-density. High-density spray foam is used in roofing or on the outside of buildings because its rigid foam is resistant to wind damage. Medium- …Keep your home cozy and save money with this round-up of our top insulation tips for your home. A poorly insulated house can mean hard-earned cash gets sucked right out of windows, doors, and other drafty spots. Drive down your heating and cooling expenses, and keep your home comfortable with insulation upgrades.Cabin Wall Insulation. For the wall insulation, we used Rockwool insulation. This insulation is mold and mildew resistant, fire retardant, and has a higher R ... 656 oz. 200 ft. Insulation Kit Spray Foam Sealant. (101) Questions & Answers (154) +8. Hover Image to Zoom. Contains 656 oz. ( 59¢ /oz.) $389.00. Pay $339.00 after $50 OFF your total qualifying purchase upon opening a new card. Apply for a Home Depot Consumer Card. In most cases, installing insulation is a DIY job. But Reuben Saltzman, CEO of the Minnesota-based home inspection service Structure Tech, says insulation by itself won’t work if you have gaps in your building envelope where air can pass through. “Air leaks are the cause of 70% of problems in attics, and …2. Blown-in wall insulation has a few disadvantages in terms of coverage and aesthetics. To install blown-in insulation in existing walls, holes are …Spray just enough foam into the cavity to end up with about 1 ½” of cured product. Split fiberglass batts lengthwise to finish insulating the cavity. This system combines the air-sealing properties of spray foam with the money-saving use of fiberglass. Using R-13 batts results in about R-17 wall insulation.2. Blown-in wall insulation has a few disadvantages in terms of coverage and aesthetics. To install blown-in insulation in existing walls, holes are …Feb 28, 2023 ... The Verdict: Should you DIY blown in insulation? The truth is a botched DIY cellulose insulation job can cause serious problems in the long-run.Truck vs. Kit. Most insulating pros with truck-mounted units have a minimum charge of $500 to $700. So buying a spray foam kit makes sense for small jobs, and for …The industry uses “board feet” as the unit of choice. A board foot is 144 cubic inches. With this unit as the standard to go by, open cell spray foam insulation costs between $0.45 and $0.65 ...Havelock Wool = 100% sheep’s wool. Pros: high R-value, manages moisture, safe and easy to install, absorbs sound incredibly well, sustainable, healthy, compostable, fire resistant, mold and mildew resistant. Cons: higher upfront …Garage door insulation can make your life warmer, cooler, and quieter. It lowers energy bills, acts as a barrier between you and street noise, and brightens an otherwise dreary space. Garage door insulation is an easy DIY project; it’ll cost you about $200 to insulate two 9-foot-wide doors.. Types of Insulation Inspect the exterior walls by using an electrical outlet: Turn off the power to the outlet. Remove the outlet cover and shine a flashlight into the crack around the outlet box. You should be able to see if there is insulation in the wall and possibly how thick it is. Pull out a small amount of insulation if needed to help determine the type of ... Nov 14, 2022 · Loose-fill cellulose insulation can settle around and conform to most of the obstructions found in walls and attics. Loose-fill cellulose is relatively inexpensive, yet still has an R-value of about 3.5 per inch of thickness, compared to fiberglass' R-value between 2.2 to 2.7 per inch. The industry uses “board feet” as the unit of choice. A board foot is 144 cubic inches. With this unit as the standard to go by, open cell spray foam insulation costs between $0.45 and $0.65 ...Here is everything you need to know to successfully DIY your wall insulation project without removing the drywall. Find the Right Place to Drill. Though you won't be removing the entire drywall to insulation, you will need to make a series of holes to fill the walls with insulation. But one wrong move can cause …The Trusted Installer is solely responsible for the installation quality and any issues that may arise as a result of the install. Insulation Calculator. Here's an easy way to find out how many bags you'll need to get the job done. With Greenfiber DIY blown-in cellulose insulation you'll be more comfortable and save money.Roof insulation types include rigid foam boards or double reflective foil insulation. This method involves removing the roof tiles, etc., so it’s best done as part of a new roofing project. Insulating a flat roof: A flat roof should be insulated from above. Use rigid foam board or double reflective foil insulation.Add Soundproofing. To add soundproofing, weave a continuous roll of fiberglass insulation between staggered studs, using insulation designed for 2x4 walls. Weave loosely to fill the cavity but tightly enough so you won't have to compress the insulation when you install drywall. When you reach the end of the …Dec 22, 2020 · To maximize headroom, while properly insulating your attic and ventilating the roof, use a combination of dense batt insulation, rigid foam sheeting and air chutes. Family Handyman. Most building codes require a specified minimum amount of headroom. It’s often tough to meet this requirement when insulating a finished attic, especially since ... We have created our DIY Insulation Kits to enable you to insulate your property effectively and efficiently. We have a wide range of Insulation Kits for a range ...Are you considering insulating your attic to improve energy efficiency and reduce heating costs? If so, you may be tempted to take on the project yourself in order to save money. H...Foam board insulation is fairly reasonable but can run a little high for some clients’ tastes. It is most commonly sold in four-by-eight-foot boards and comes in at $0.25 to $1.50 per square foot. As a DIY option, it’s fairly easy to install due to its rigidity and the ease with which you can cut it to fit any space.Wall and Roof Insulation Options. CondenStop Condensation Barrier. 1/8” Single Bubble Condensation Barrier (R-3) 1/4” Double Bubble Condensation Barrier (R-6) 3” Fiberglass Insulation (R-10) 4” Fiberglass Insulation (R-13) 6” Fiberglass Insulation (R-19)1) Carefully seal any and all holes in the floor above (the “ceiling” of the crawlspace) to prevent air from blowing up into the house. 2) Insulate between the floor joists with rolled fiberglass. Install it tight against the subfloor. Seal all of the seams carefully to keep wind from blowing into the insulation.Step 1. If you’re laying narrow, pre-cut rolls (370/380 or 570mm) or encapsulated insulation - jump to Step 2. Cut any larger width rolls (1140mm) to the desired width dependent on your joist’s spacing. (See ‘How to calculate the desired width of loft roll insulation’ for appropriate width sizes).Nov 14, 2022 · Loose-fill cellulose insulation can settle around and conform to most of the obstructions found in walls and attics. Loose-fill cellulose is relatively inexpensive, yet still has an R-value of about 3.5 per inch of thickness, compared to fiberglass' R-value between 2.2 to 2.7 per inch. Apr 30, 2020 ... 1) Traditional Home Fiberglass Insulation. Fiberglass is the most-used insulation in houses. It's affordable and works well, but is generally ...Oct 8, 2021 · 1. Make a Door Snake. A door snake is one of the easiest and most affordable ways to insulate your home better. By sealing off the crack beneath your door, you stop cold air from seeping in during the winter. All you have to do is place the door snake on the ground, and you’re done. The Pros of DIY Spray Foam Insulation. One of the biggest benefits of choosing DIY spray foam insulation is its cost savings. The costs can quickly add up when you hire professional contractors to install traditional insulation materials like fiberglass or cellulose. With DIY spray foam insulation, however, you get to buy all the necessary ... Conservatory Insulation DIY vs Professional Job. There are some jobs that should only ever be left to the professionals, but you can attempt a conservatory roof insulation yourself. Installing conservatory insulation yourself requires only basic DIY skills, and thousands of owners have undertaken the job themselves successfully. Here are Dean's tips for successfully laying your own blanket insulation in your loft: The first 100mm layer of insulation will need to be laid between the joists. Check the distance between your joists and cut the insulation to the width required while it's still packaged up, using an old hand saw.Add Soundproofing. To add soundproofing, weave a continuous roll of fiberglass insulation between staggered studs, using insulation designed for 2x4 walls. Weave loosely to fill the cavity but tightly enough so you won't have to compress the insulation when you install drywall. When you reach the end of the …Upgrading insulation in your home and attic is easy with Nu-Wool's loose fill DIY Energy Care Cellulose Insulation. Video instructions, coverage chart, ...The Trusted Installer is solely responsible for the installation quality and any issues that may arise as a result of the install. Insulation Calculator. Here's an easy way to find out how many bags you'll need to get the job done. With Greenfiber DIY blown-in cellulose insulation you'll be more comfortable and save money.Let it harden overnight while apply pressure with weights. Open a bag of Havelock wool and remove a batt of wool. Use half a thickness of wool (about 1” thick), since the floor will not need as much insulation as the walls or the ceiling. Split the wool thickness by rolling from one end to the other.DIY Garage Insulating Questions. Hello, I am planning to tackle a project to insulate my garage, which might be the first step before installing a mini-split. The garage is pretty large, roughly 21x20 with 11ft ceilings. I should only have the ceiling and 1.5 walls plus the door to insulate. For the walls, after pulling down the current ...Nov 13, 2015 ... Comments356 · How to Install Insulation | DIY Kitchen Renovation Pt. · Insulation Install Tips And Tricks! · The Right Way To Insulate: Attics...Foam board insulation is fairly reasonable but can run a little high for some clients’ tastes. It is most commonly sold in four-by-eight-foot boards and comes in at $0.25 to $1.50 per square foot. As a DIY option, it’s fairly easy to install due to its rigidity and the ease with which you can cut it to fit any space.Inspect the exterior walls by using an electrical outlet: Turn off the power to the outlet. Remove the outlet cover and shine a flashlight into the crack around the outlet box. You should be able to see if there is insulation in the wall and possibly how thick it is. Pull out a small amount of insulation if needed to help determine the type of ...Insulating a floor is easily done during a new build, but considering the fact that most homeowners purchase an “old build,” it’s not surprising that floor insulation is a renovation to consider sometime in the future. Insulation projects can be DIY-friendly, but they aren’t necessarily beginner-friendly.To keep your home at a comfortable temperature and for energy-efficiency to help keep your bills lower, ensure that it’s well-insulated, including the floors. Here’s a look at how ...Window insulation kits can typically be purchased for under $20, and can be installed in a matter of minutes. Add thick curtains to your windows. Options such as the Thermaliner blackout curtains will … Spray Foam. A combination of a 6 mil vapor barrier and a spray foam insulation kit can help improve the energy efficiency of both ventilated and unventilated crawl spaces. Spray foam is more costly than other insulation options, but it can uniquely attach itself to seal small cracks and effectively reduce airflow. Make sure the area is bone dry before caulking. Cut the tip of the caulk tube at a 45-degree angle, insert the tube into the caulk gun, and pull the trigger to apply the material into the crack. Caulk in one motion rather than with starts and stops; this creates a neat, continuous bead of insulation.Feb 13, 2024 · This is the standard insulation type used in houses, especially in garage spaces. Fiberglass insulation is the cheapest type and easiest to install, making it a perfect option for a DIY project. You can get fiber insulation in the form of: Bats and blankets to fit the wall studs and joists in the ceiling and floor of your garage. This Old House general contractor Tom Silva and host Kevin O'Connor demonstrate the proper way to insulate an attic. (See below for a shopping list and tools... May 24, 2022 · Our Recommendation: Owens Corning R-21 Kraft Faced Fiberglass Insulation Batt on The Home Depot for a pallet (10 bags) Owens Corning R-21 Kraft Faced comes in pre-cut widths and lengths for easy ... Family Handyman. Starting at the top left of the window, carefully peel off about six inches of the backing from the adhesive tape. Let an inch of film hang over the left side of the double-sided tape. Then begin sticking the film across the top of the window. Stick the film onto the tape, working from one side of the window to the other. Mark all the dimensions into the panels of the Styrofoam insulation material. Simply cut out those foam panels based on the dimensions. Take a staple gun and staple those foam panels onto the ...Insulation · Lighting · Plastic · Rope & Netting · Rubber ... DIY Art and Sculptures: Unleash your creativity ... DIY Projects. The Smart Approach t...Buy a can of aerosol foam and a flashlight and set up shop underneath your RV’s belly. You might be surprised to find significant gaps where hoses, pipes, and other connections enter the RV. Try using foam insulation to reduce the size of these spaces but take extra care not to put a squeeze on any …Havelock Wool - our #1 Choice for Mass Van Insulation. Havelock wool (sheep’s wool) is a mass insulation with an R-value of 3.6 per inch. It is excellent as a mass insulator in camper vans for the following reasons: Havelock Wool is a renewable, environmentally friendly product.Jan 7, 2019 · Foam board insulation is a terrific alternative to fiberglass. Learn why, and where to use it. Foam board insulation is easy to use and a great DIY way to add some insulation. It comes in standard-size 4×8 sheets and smaller sizes, in thicknesses from 1/4-in. to two inches. Some types of thicker foam board insulation are available, but may ... Sort this out first. 1. Insulating between boards. If the loft joists are regular, you can use rolls or batts. Lay the first layer between the joists, and the next at right angles to cover the joists. For old buildings, permeable insulation is effective. 2. Loose fill and blown-in insulation.Photo: Photo credit: S. Davis / CC BY-NC-ND / Flickr. Andy Fellenz is doing some insulation and air-sealing at the rim joist of his house, and he thinks it might be a good opportunity to use a spray foam kit—an option somewhere between canned foam used to seal windows and doors, and a full-fledged professional foam installation.Read on for some tips and types of insulation as well as the best options currently on the market. BEST OVERALL: Owens Corning R-38 Kraft Faced Fiberglass Insulation. BEST BANG FOR THE BUCK: Frost ...An attic without any insulation needs an R-value of R38 to R60. An attic with 3 to 4 inches of old insulation needs new material with an R38 value. Consult blow-in fiberglass insulation packaging to learn how much to buy to fill the space and reach the necessary R-value. If old insulation is present, assess whether you can keep it.Nov 6, 2018 ... A rough-cut piece of drywall, plywood, or thick XPS foam will seal things off nicely. Simply rough cut to cover the bulk of the hole, and foam ...When it comes to home insulation, many homeowners are looking for cost-effective and efficient solutions. One option that has been gaining popularity in recent years is the use of ...Upgrading insulation in your home and attic is easy with Nu-Wool's loose fill DIY Energy Care Cellulose Insulation. Video instructions, coverage chart, ...Insulation typically comes in four types: fiberglass batt, foam board, spray foam and vapor barriers. To insulate a 1,000-square-foot floor area, expect to pay between $1,100 to $2,800 on average ...Lowe's can help with your insulation needs with how-tos to inform and guide your next project.Nov 16, 2019 ... Looking to install insulation on your kitchen remodel? We can help! Insulating and installing a vapor barrier is the most important step of ...Nov 13, 2015 ... Comments356 · How to Install Insulation | DIY Kitchen Renovation Pt. · Insulation Install Tips And Tricks! · The Right Way To Insulate: Attics...Nov 6, 2018 ... A rough-cut piece of drywall, plywood, or thick XPS foam will seal things off nicely. Simply rough cut to cover the bulk of the hole, and foam ...Highlights. Bathroom wall insulation prevents mold, mildew, rot, and wasted money. Other benefits include comfort, noise reduction, lower energy costs, and moisture control throughout your home. Choose the bathroom insulation that best fits your job and budget—spray foam, rigid foam, and polystyrene foam are your best options.May 22, 2021 · Use Styrofoam. An inexpensive, but uncommon method for insulating a garage door is sheet styrofoam. Most big box home improvement stores will have it. It usually comes in 32 square feet, 1” to 2” thick sheets. That is often ideal for garage doors because most are 1”to 2” thick as well. Styrofoam will be measured, cut, and installed just ... Learn from experts and manufacturers how to insulate your roof, walls, crawlspace and other parts of the house. Find out the best types, thicknesses, densities and installation techniques for different areas and climates. Save money, stay warm and avoid common mistakes with this guide. See moreJan 4, 2019 · Cotton/denim. Because cotton is a natural and renewable resource, it is one of the most eco-friendly insulation options on the market. Leftover blue jean scraps are shredded and recycled into ... Window insulation kits can typically be purchased for under $20, and can be installed in a matter of minutes. Add thick curtains to your windows. Options such as the Thermaliner blackout curtains will …In most cases, installing insulation is a DIY job. But Reuben Saltzman, CEO of the Minnesota-based home inspection service Structure Tech, says insulation by itself won’t work if you have gaps in your building envelope where air can pass through. “Air leaks are the cause of 70% of problems in attics, and …Final Verdict. When it comes down to the best spray foam insulation, all five of the products we covered do a great job of insulating your project. However, there can only be one winner, and we believe that one product stands above the rest as the best spray foam insulation kit on the market. Our choice is DOW Froth-Pak 650.This Old House general contractor Tom Silva and host Kevin O'Connor demonstrate the proper way to insulate an attic. (See below for a shopping list and tools...Here is everything you need to know to successfully DIY your wall insulation project without removing the drywall. Find the Right Place to Drill. Though you won't be removing the entire drywall to insulation, you will need to make a series of holes to fill the walls with insulation. But one wrong move can cause …Here is everything you need to know to successfully DIY your wall insulation project without removing the drywall. Find the Right Place to Drill. Though you won't be removing the entire drywall to insulation, you will need to make a series of holes to fill the walls with insulation. But one wrong move can cause … After the cement is set, apply a foam board adhesive to the rear of a polystyrene insulation panel, then press the panel to the wall. Make sure your adhesive is free of solvents, which can eat away at the foam insulation. Adhere and apply the remaining panels. Next, you will create a wood grid that will hold the drywall. For optimal energy efficiency, your home should be properly insulated from the roof down to its foundation. The illustration above shows all the areas of the home where there should be insulation. The numbered areas shown in the illustration are as follows: 1. In unfinished attic spaces, insulate between and over the floor joists to seal off ...Blown-in insulation is one of the most DIY-friendly and cost effective ways you can insulate a house today. It can be a little messy but that shouldn’t discourage you from doing it yourself because the energy savings that you can get from one day of work will continue to pay for themselves year after year. ...In most cases, installing insulation is a DIY job. But Reuben Saltzman, CEO of the Minnesota-based home inspection service Structure Tech, says insulation by itself won’t work if you have gaps in your building envelope where air can pass through. “Air leaks are the cause of 70% of problems in attics, and …Alternatively, you can also opt to lay an insulating mat on top of the floor of your crawl space. Finally, make sure to use waterproof tape to seal off all seams. 4. Use Water-Resistant Insulation. As much as possible, avoid cellulose or fiberglass. For the best R-value, use polyisocyanurate.Remove the flooring and add batt, roll or foam board insulation and a vapor barrier. Replace the floor with new 3/4-tongue and groove plywood. 5. Seal Gaps With Spray Foam. When all of your ...The results of the couple’s DIY insulation project has been a great success! Laurel states that the ‘dead zone’ is long gone and since the foam has insulated the duct-work under the home the forced air heat is reaching the end rooms better. Using Fiberglass to Insulate Under a Mobile Home. Fiberglass is the most common insulating material.1. Spray Foam Insulation. Spray foam insulation is a polyurethane foam that is commonly applied to attics and walls and is available in three types: high-, medium-, and low-density. High-density spray foam is used in roofing or on the outside of buildings because its rigid foam is resistant to wind damage. Medium- …Family Handyman. Starting at the top left of the window, carefully peel off about six inches of the backing from the adhesive tape. Let an inch of film hang over the left side of the double-sided tape. Then begin sticking the film across the top of the window. Stick the film onto the tape, working from one side of the window to the …Havelock Wool = 100% sheep’s wool. Pros: high R-value, manages moisture, safe and easy to install, absorbs sound incredibly well, sustainable, healthy, compostable, fire resistant, mold and mildew resistant. Cons: higher upfront …Let it harden overnight while apply pressure with weights. Open a bag of Havelock wool and remove a batt of wool. Use half a thickness of wool (about 1” thick), since the floor will not need as much insulation as the walls or the ceiling. Split the wool thickness by rolling from one end to the other.Walls, windows, doors, and the floor should also be properly insulated. [/snippet] 6. Reflect Heat in Your Attic. Most of the heat in your home escapes into the attic. Insulating the attic with foam is a good way to prevent heat from escaping from the house. However, the heat in the attic is not doing any …The final step is insulating the windows. Windows are a major source of radiant heat transfer. When placing a reflective surface on a window facing out, heat from the sun will hit it, and bounce back out keeping the van cooler. If you place a reflective surface on the windows facing in, you get the opposite effect.Whether you're battling heat or cold, this guide is essential for anyone looking to improve their garage's insulation with practical, hands-on advice.#Garage... Conservatory Insulation DIY vs Professional Job. There are some jobs that should only ever be left to the professionals, but you can attempt a conservatory roof insulation yourself. Installing conservatory insulation yourself requires only basic DIY skills, and thousands of owners have undertaken the job themselves successfully. For an attic that’s 1,500 Square Feet attic insulation removal will cost between $2,000-$3,000. Whereas, for a DIY attic insulation removal project the cost can be cut to $1,000-$1,500. Again, the cost greatly depends on the conditions of the attic.Insulating your conservatory to a good standard will mean you can use this great space comfortably all year round. This blog post will give you ideas on how to insulate your conservatory using several effective methods. 1. Polycarbonate roof panels. 2. Insulated conservatory roof panels. 3.May 1, 2014 ... When you want to go really hardcore on insulation, closed-cell spray foam is the way to do it. It is about 10 times more expensive than ...Cut the product on the ground, not in the attic. 6. Lay Out Batts/Rolls. When installing fiberglass insulation, make sure that the paper side of the insulation faces downward if you mainly heat ...Simply grab a staple gun and fasten staples around the roll. It’s best to keep at least a foot of space between two staples. This way your rolls won’t be compressed too much. Unlike installing insulation on walls, attics generally require two layers of insulation on the floor for optimal results.Oct 6, 2020 ... If you've got an old house like I do, then you need to know how to use an insulation blowing machine to insulate your attic from cold ...Trusted for more than 20 years, Expol Underfloor Insulation is the ideal rigid board for insulating under timber floors. It is easy to install, available in four convenient joist widths (560mm, 470mm, 410mm, 360mm), and a popular option for DIY underfloor insulation projects.Feb 28, 2023 ... The Verdict: Should you DIY blown in insulation? The truth is a botched DIY cellulose insulation job can cause serious problems in the long-run.Mod: Insulated Floor – Part Three. RV insulation is a pivotal improvement to your cargo van, that impacts how you will use the vehicle. Type and amount of insulation is chosen based on location, vehicle type and size and material cost. But remember, with temperature control, insulation plays a partial role and at least as much attention must ...Nov 26, 2023 · 4. Prepare the area for insulation. Remove exposed nails, debris, and other impediments from the walls to be insulated. Identify drafting areas–seams where you feel air leaking, see daylight, or see a gap. Mark these areas with tape, or a pen to make sure you address them with the insulation. Step 1: Establish Your Insulation Goals. Before you go out and buy any materials, consider why you want to insulate your attic. If you are trying to convert your attic into a living space or bonus room, you’ll want to insulate the attic ceiling – between the rafters and wall joists.May 1, 2014 ... When you want to go really hardcore on insulation, closed-cell spray foam is the way to do it. It is about 10 times more expensive than ...On the other walls in the garage, install the insulation the regular way, with the paper side facing you. Make sure to staple the paper on the edge of the stud, rather than inside it, so the insulation will completely fill the space. Insulate the …Blowing-In Insulation, Step-by-Step. 1 Use a stud finder to locate studs in the wall. With a hole saw, cut a small hole (between 2 and 3 inches wide) between two studs and near the top of the wall, and place the cut portion aside—you will reattach this later. Repeat this step between each pair of studs. 2 Thread the …This Old House general contractor Tom Silva explains the wide world of insulation. (See below for a shopping list and tools.)SUBSCRIBE to This Old House: htt...We have created our DIY Insulation Kits to enable you to insulate your property effectively and efficiently. We have a wide range of Insulation Kits for a range ...Wood works well as an insulator because of all the empty space that it contains. Insulators contain heat and other forms of energy rather than transferring them to another object. | Chwlpdeukexug (article) | Miyxg.